Investment Summary For 2019 & What To Expect In 2020

Stock markets are riding high as we approach the end of 2019. What’s more, the largest pullback in the S&P 500 this year was only 7%. There are three key reasons for this outsized performance, and one important takeaway for investors as we enter 2020.

Perhaps the most important reason that major markets have experienced double-digit returns is that the economy is still growing at a healthy pace. Not only has the recession that many investors feared only a year ago not materialized, but very few economists now expect a recession in the near future. The unemployment rate has continued to fall to 50-year lows and consumer net worth is at record highs. And yet, with inflation at around 2% or less, there are no signs of the economy overheating just yet.

Not everything is rosy – corporate investment is lackluster which may hurt future productivity. Additionally, the manufacturing sector is effectively in recession with most indicators suggesting that output is shrinking. Of course, some of this effect is tied to the U.S.-China trade dispute which may improve over time. Still, these factors have not dissuaded many investors that the U.S. economy can experience real GDP growth of 2% per year.

Another important reason for this year’s gains is that central banks are still pouring stimulus into the system. The Fed made a full U-turn from hiking rates last December to lowering rates in July. They’ve cut rates three times and are signaling that they are on pause for the foreseeable future. Their latest Statement of Economic Projections from last week show that they expect rates to be flat until 2021 at the earliest (the second chart below).

Finally, there is a technicality in the market return numbers. Since 2018 ended near the market lows during an almost 20% stock market pullback, a significant part of this year’s return was simply returning to previous levels. From last year’s market peak to today, the S&P 500 has gained about 11% with dividends. While this is a terrific return, it’s not the number that will be advertised in headlines.

It’s clear that macro-economic drivers have played a large part in market returns in 2019. The most important takeaway for investors, however, is that these factors may be of less help in 2020. The global economy would have to accelerate, and the Fed would need lower interest rates further, in order to excite investors. So, while the stats this year are outstanding, investors should have healthy expectations for their portfolios going forward.

Below are three charts that highlight the factors that drove markets this year:

1. Global markets rose significantly in 2019

Global markets have all risen by double-digit percentages this year. There are several macro-economic reasons for this including healthy economic growth and stimulus by the Fed and other central banks. Additionally, measuring this year’s market return from last year’s market low, which happened to be right around the end of the year, has helped to inflate the numbers.

2. The Fed and other central banks increased stimulus measures

The Fed reversed course in 2019 and has been providing monetary stimulus. Their latest economic projections suggest that they expect the federal funds rate to be flat until 2021.

3. The economy is still growing at a healthy pace

Economic growth continues at a healthy pace despite some hiccups within the economy, such as in the manufacturing sector. Still, if the economy can continue to grow, this could support stock market returns even if they are not at the levels experienced in 2019.

The bottom line? Global market returns were out-sized in 2019 for a variety of reasons. Going forward, investors should have healthy expectations and remain balanced in their portfolios.

The following is a guest post by James Liu, CFA, Founder and Head of Research at Clearnomics